[alias] adding functions for arithmetic operation analysis

src/plugins/alias/abstract_state.ml

src/plugins/alias/abstract_state.mli

src/plugins/alias/analysis.ml

src/plugins/alias/tests/basic/oracle/assignment1.res.oracle

src/plugins/alias/tests/basic/oracle/assignment2.res.oracle

src/plugins/alias/tests/basic/oracle/assignment3.res.oracle

src/plugins/alias/tests/basic/oracle/cast1.res.oracle

src/plugins/alias/tests/basic/oracle/conditional1.res.oracle

src/plugins/alias/tests/basic/oracle/while_for1.res.oracle

src/plugins/alias/tests/basic/while_for1.c

...plugins/alias/tests/real_world/oracle/example1.res.oracle